Stress Stress causes chemical changes in the body that, left unchecked, can have negative effects on both mental and physical health. High levels of stress contribute to health issues as diverse as depression, anxiety, aggression, diabetes, obesity, other behavioral problems, cancer, tumors, stomach problems, diarrhea, weak immune system, hypothyroid, skin problems, kidney disease, and allergies, just to name a few. Stress is actually the physical expression of our "Fight or Flight" survival mechanisms. A threatening or tense situation triggers a stress response, which prepares us to confront or flee a possible danger. This is a healthy response to immediate danger, such as confronting an assailant or running from a fire. Unfortunately, the stress response is also triggered by tense situations where physical action is not an option, such as an unreasonable boss, or traffic jams. Stress can be divided into two subtypes: acute and chronic. Acute stress prepares us for fight or flight, and is generally short-term. Chronic stress lasts longer, and is the main cause of stress-related health problems. Acute Stress Acute stress is a short-term response by the body's sympathetic nervous system. How long acute stress lasts may vary—the response can last for a few minutes or a few weeks. During an acute stress response, the adrenal medulla (part of the adrenal glands, two small glands located on top of each kidney) begins to release catecholamine hormones (including adrenaline and noradrenaline). In all, over seventeen different hormones are released during an acute stress response. These trigger several physical responses:
And the following damage can occur:
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